The CIA World Factbook Edition 1993 Economy

Exchange rates In 36 editions of 36.

Exchange rates was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1993 edition carries it in 235 entries, in its Economy section, under the heading “Currency”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1993 edition
235
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exchange rates” (1990 to 2025), “Currency” (1990 to 2004), “Currency (code)” (2005 to 2008) and “Currency code” (2001 to 2004).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exchange rates, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

1993

Every edition with Exchange rates

Entries with Exchange rates in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

Africa

57 entries

Algeria

Published as “Currency”

1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 22.787 (January 1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473 (1991), 8.958 (1990), 7.6086 (1989), 5.9148 (1988)

Angola

Published as “Currency”

1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 kwei

Published as “Exchange rates”

kwanza (Kz) per US$1 -4,000 (black market rate was 17,000 on 30 April 1993)

Benin

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Botswana

Published as “Currency”

1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

Published as “Exchange rates”

pula (P) per US$1 - 2.31 (February 1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991), 1.8601 (1990), 2.0125 (1989), 1.8159 (1988)

Burkina now Burkina Faso

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Burundi

Published as “Currency”

1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 235.75 (January 1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Published as “Currency”

1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 75.47 (January 1993), 73.10 (1992), 71.41 (1991), 64.10 (November 1990), 74.86 (December 1989), 72.01 (1988)

Cameroon

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Central African Republic

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Chad

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Comoros

Published as “Currency”

1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988));
  • note - linked to the French franc at 50 to 1 French franc

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta

Published as “Exchange rates”

zaire (Z) per US$1 - 2,000,000 (January1993), 15,587 (1991), 719 (1990), 381 (1989), 187 (1988), 112 (1987)

Congo now Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Cote d'Ivoire

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Djibouti

Published as “Currency”

1 Djiboutian franc (DF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1 - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)

Egypt

Published as “Currency”

1 Egyptian pound (#E) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Egyptian pounds (#E) per US$1 - 3.345 (November 1992), 2.7072 (1990), 2.5171 (1989), 2.2233 (1988), 1.5183 (1987)

Equatorial Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Eritrea

Published as “Currency”

NA

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Swaziland now Eswatini

Published as “Currency”

1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • emalangeni (E) per US$1 -3.1576 (May 1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988);
  • note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand

Ethiopia

Published as “Currency”

1 birr (Br) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.0000 (fixed rate)

Gabon

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

The Gambia

Published as “Currency”

1 dalasi (D) = 100 bututs

Published as “Exchange rates”

dalasi (D) per US$1 - 8.673 (October 1992), 8.803 (1991), 7.883 (1990), 7.5846 (1989), 6.7086 (1988), 7.0744 (1987)

Ghana

Published as “Currency”

1 cedi (C) = 100 pesewas

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • ceolis per US$1 - 437 (July 1992)

Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440 (1987), 383 (1986)

Guinea-Bissau

Published as “Currency”

1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1 - 1987.2 (1989), 1363.6 (1988), 851.65 (1987), 238.98 (1986)

Kenya

Published as “Currency”

1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 -36.227 (January 1993), 32.217 (1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988)

Lesotho

Published as “Currency”

1 loti (L) = 100 lisente

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • maloti (M) per US$1 - 3.1576 (May 1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988);
  • note - the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand

Liberia

Published as “Currency”

1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.00 (fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of L$7 = US$1, January 1992

Libya

Published as “Currency”

1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.2998 (January 1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991), 0.2699 (1990), 0.2922 (1989), 0.2853 (1988)

Madagascar

Published as “Currency”

1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1 - 1,910.2 (December 1992), 1,867.9 (1992), 1,835.4 (1991), 1,454.6 (December 1990), 1,603.4 (1989), 1,407.1 (1988), 1,069.2 (1987)

Malawi

Published as “Currency”

1 Malawian kwacha (MK) = 100 tambala

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1 - 4.3418 (November 1992), 2.8033 (1991), 2.7289 (1990), 2.7595 (1989), 2.5613 (1988), 2.2087 (1987)

Mali

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Mauritania

Published as “Currency”

1 ouguiya (UM) = 5 khoums

Published as “Exchange rates”

ouguiya (UM) per US$1 - 116.990 (February 1993), 87.082 (1992), 81.946 (1991), 80.609 (1990), 83.051 (1989), 75.261 (1988)

Mauritius

Published as “Currency”

1 Mauritian rupee (MauR) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Mauritian rupees (MauRs) per US$1 - 16.982 (January 1993), 15.563 (1992), 15.652 (1991), 14.839 (1990), 15.250 (1989), 13.438 (1988)

Mayotte

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Morocco

Published as “Currency”

1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 9.207 (February 1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988)

Mozambique

Published as “Currency”

1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 2,74.15 (January 1993), 2,433.34 (1992), 1,434.47 (1991), 929.00 (1990), 800.00 (1989), 528.60 (1988)

Namibia

Published as “Currency”

1 South African rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

South African rand (R) per US$1 - 3.1576 (May 1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7653 (1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988)

Niger

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Nigeria

Published as “Currency”

1 naira (N) = 100 kobo

Published as “Exchange rates”

naira (N) per US$1 - 19.661 (December 1992), 17.298 (1992), 9.909 (1991), 8.038 (1990), 7.3647 (1989), 4.5370 (1988), 4.0160 (1987)

Reunion

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Rwanda

Published as “Currency”

1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 146.34 (January 1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990), 79.98 (1989), 76.45 (1988)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Published as “Currency”

1 Saint Helenian pound (#S) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Saint Helenian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound

Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Currency”

1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

dobras (Db) per US$1 - 230 (1992), 260.0 (November 1991), 122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987), 36.993 (1986)

Senegal

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Seychelles

Published as “Currency”

1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 5.2545 (January 1993), 5.1220 (1992), 5.2893 (1991), 5.3369 (1990), 5.6457 (1989), 5.3836 (1988)

Sierra Leone

Published as “Currency”

1 leone (Le) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

leones (Le) per US$1 - 552.43 (January 1993), 499.44 (1992), 295.34 (1991), 144.9275 (1990), 58.1395 (1989), 31.2500 (1988)

Somalia

Published as “Currency”

1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989), 170.45 (1988), 105.18 (1987), 72.00 (1986)

South Africa

Published as “Currency”

1 rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

rand (R) per US$1 - 3.1576 (May 1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988)

Sudan

Published as “Currency”

1 Sudanese pound (#Sd) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 124 (January 1993), 90.1 (March 1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987);
  • note - free market rate 155 (January 1993)

Tanzania

Published as “Currency”

1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 325.00 (November 1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.38 (1989), 99.29 (1988), 64.26 (1987)

Togo

Published as “Currency”

1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 274.06 (January 1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988)

Tunisia

Published as “Currency”

1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 0.9931 (February 1993), 0.8844 (1992), 0.9246 (1991), 0.8783 (1990), 0.9493 (1989), 0.8578 (1988)

Uganda

Published as “Currency”

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,217.1 (January 1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989), 106.1 (1988)

Western Sahara

Published as “Currency”

1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 9.034 (January 1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988)

Zambia

Published as “Currency”

1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 178.5714 (August 1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990), 12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987)

Zimbabwe

Published as “Currency”

1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 6.3532 (February 1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990), 2.1133 (1989), 1.8018 (1988)

Arctic Region

3 entries

Greenland

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.236 (January 1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988)

Iceland

Published as “Currency”

1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar

Published as “Exchange rates”

Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$1 - 63.789 (January 1993), 57.546 (1992), 58.996 (1991), 58.284 (1990), 57.042 (1989), 43.014 (1988)

Svalbard

Published as “Currency”

1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.8774 (January 1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990), 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988)

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

Published as “Currency”

1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 1,019 (March 1993), 900 (November 1991), 850 (1991), 700 (1989-90), 220 (1988-89);
  • note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rates

Armenia

Published as “Currency”

  • retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Azerbaijan

Published as “Currency”

1 manat (abbreviation NA) = 10 Russian rubles; ruble still used

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Bangladesh

Published as “Currency”

1 taka (Tk) = 100 paise

Published as “Exchange rates”

taka (Tk) per US$1 - 39.000 (January 1993), 38.951 (1992), 36.596 (1991), 34.569 (1990), 32.270 (1989), 31.733 (1988)

Bhutan

Published as “Currency”

1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • ngultrum (Nu) per US$1 - 26.156 (January 1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990), 16.226 (1989), 13.917 (1988);
  • note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee

China

Published as “Currency”

1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao

Published as “Exchange rates”

yuan (Y) per US$1 - 5.7640 (January 1993), 5.5146 (1992), 5.3234 (1991), 4.7832 (1990), 3.7651 (1989), 3.7221 (1988)

Georgia

Published as “Currency”

  • coupons introduced in April 1993 to be followed by introduction of the lari at undetermined future date;
  • Russian ruble remains official currency until introduction of the lari

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

India

Published as “Currency”

1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1 - 26.156 (January 1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990), 16.226 (1989), 13.917 (1988)

Japan

Published as “Currency”

1 yen (Y) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

yen (Y) per US$1 - 125.01 (January 1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988)

Kazakhstan

Published as “Currency”

  • retaining Russian ruble as currency (May 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Korea, North now North Korea

Published as “Currency”

1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chon

Published as “Exchange rates”

North Korean won (Wn) per US$1 - 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989), 2.13 (December 1988), 0.94 (March 1987)

Korea, South now South Korea

Published as “Currency”

1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chon (theoretical)

Published as “Exchange rates”

South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 791.99 (January 1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991), 707.76 (1990), 671.46 (1989), 731.47 (1988)

Kyrgyzstan

Published as “Currency”

introduced national currency, the som (10 May 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Maldives

Published as “Currency”

1 rufiyaa (Rf) = 100 laaris

Published as “Exchange rates”

rufiyaa (Rf) per US$1 - 10.506 (January 1993), 10.569 (1992), 10.253 (1991), 9.509 (1990), 9.0408 (1989), 8.7846 (1988)

Mongolia

Published as “Currency”

1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 40 (1992), 7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)

Nepal

Published as “Currency”

1 Nepalese rupee (NR) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1 - 43.200 (January 1993), 42.742 (1992), 37.255 (1991), 29.370 (1990), 27.189 (1989), 23.289 (1988)

Pakistan

Published as “Currency”

1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 25.904 (January 1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989), 18.003 (1988)

Russia

Published as “Currency”

1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Sri Lanka

Published as “Currency”

1 Sri Lankan rupee (SLRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Sri Lankan rupees (SLRes) per US$1 - 46.342 (January 1993), 43.687 (1992), 41.372 (1991), 40.063 (1990), 36.047 (1989), 31.807 (1988)

Tajikistan

Published as “Currency”

  • retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Turkmenistan

Published as “Currency”

  • retaining Russian ruble as currency;
  • planning to establish own currency,
  • the manat,
  • but no date set (May 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Uzbekistan

Published as “Currency”

  • retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Antigua and Barbuda

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Aruba

Published as “Currency”

1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1 - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

The Bahamas

Published as “Currency”

1 Bahamian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahamian dollar (B$) per US$1-1.00 (fixed rate)

Barbados

Published as “Currency”

1 Barbadian dollar (Bds$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Barbadian dollars (Bds$) per US$1 - 2.0113 (fixed rate)

Belize

Published as “Currency”

1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1 - 2.00 (fixed rate)

British Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Cayman Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1 - 1.20 (fixed rate)

Costa Rica

Published as “Currency”

1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 137.72 (January 1993), 134.51 (1992), 122.43 (1991), 91.58 (1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988)

Cuba

Published as “Currency”

1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)

Dominica

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Dominican Republic

Published as “Currency”

1 Dominican peso (RD$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Dominican pesos (RD$) per US$1 - 12.7 (1992), 12.692 (1991), 8.525 (1990), 6.340 (1989), 6.113 (1988)

El Salvador

Published as “Currency”

1 Salvadoran colon (C) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Salvadoran colones (C) per US$1 - 8.7600 (January 1993), 9.1700 (1992), 8.0300 (1991), fixed rate of 5.000 (1986-1989)

Grenada

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Guadeloupe

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Guatemala

Published as “Currency”

1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.2850 (December 1993), 5.1706 (1992), 5.0289 (1991), 2.8161 (1989), 2.6196 (1988);
  • note - black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989)

Haiti

Published as “Currency”

1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

gourdes (G) per US$1 - 8.4 (December 1991), fixed rate of 5.000 through second quarter of 1991)

Honduras

Published as “Currency”

1 lempira (L) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • lempiras (L) per US$1 - 5.4 (fixed rate);
  • 5.70 parallel black-market rate (November 1990);
  • the lempira was allowed to float in 1992;
  • current rate about US$1 - 5.65

Jamaica

Published as “Currency”

1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 22.173 (September 1992), 12.116 (1991), 7.184 (1990), 5.7446 (1989), 5.4886 (1988), 5.4867 (1987)

Martinique

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Montserrat

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Netherlands Antilles

Published as “Currency”

1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (NAf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins (NAf.) per US$1 - 1.79 (fixed rate since 1989; 1.80 fixed rate 1971-88)

Nicaragua

Published as “Currency”

1 cordoba (C$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

cordobas (C$) per US$1 - 6 (10 January 1993), 25,000,000 (March 1992), 21,354,000 (1991), 15,655 (1989), 270 (1988), 102.60 (1987); note - new gold cordoba issued in 1992

Panama

Published as “Currency”

1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

balboas (B) per US$1 - 1.000 (fixed rate)

Puerto Rico

US currency is used

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Lucia

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Trinidad and Tobago

Published as “Currency”

1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1 - 4.2500 (fixed rate since 1989)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Virgin Islands

US currency is used

Europe

46 entries

Albania

Published as “Currency”

1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • leke (L) per US$1 - 97 (January 1993), 50 (January 1992), 25 (September 1991)

Andorra

Published as “Currency”

the French and Spanish currencies are used

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988);
  • Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 114.59 (January 1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988)

Austria

Published as “Currency”

1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen

Published as “Exchange rates”

Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 11.363 (January 1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991), 11.370 (1990), 13.231 (1989), 12.348 (1988)

Belarus

Published as “Currency”

1 rubel (abbreviation NA) = 10 Russian rubles

note: the rubel circulates with the Russian ruble; certain purchase are made only with rubels; government has established a different, and varying, exchange rate for trade between Belarus and Russia

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Belgium

Published as “Currency”

1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belgian francs (BF) per US$1 - 33.256 (January 1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Published as “Currency”

Croatian dinar used in ethnic Croat areas, "Yugoslav" dinar used in all other areas

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Bulgaria

Published as “Currency”

1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • leva (Lv) per US$1 - 24.56 (January 1993),17.18 (January 1992), 16.13 (March 1991), 0.7446 (November 1990), 0.84 (1989), 0.82 (1988), 0.90 (1987);
  • note - floating exchange rate since February 1991

Croatia

Published as “Currency”

1 Croatian dinar (CD) = 100 paras

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Croatian dinar per US $1 - 60.00 (April 1992)

Czech Republic now Czechia

Published as “Currency”

1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 28.59 (December 1992), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989), 14.36 (1988), 13.69 (1987)

Denmark

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.236 (January 1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988)

Estonia

Published as “Currency”

1 Estonian kroon (EEK) = 100 NA; (introduced in August 1992)

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • kroons (EEK) per US$1 - 12 (January 1993)

Faroe Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.236 (January 1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988)

Finland

Published as “Currency”

1 markkaa (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia

Published as “Exchange rates”

markkaa (FMk) per US$1 - 5.4193 (January 1993), 4.4794 (1992), 4.0440 (1991), 3.8235 (1990), 4.2912 (1989), 4.1828 (1988)

France

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Germany

Published as “Currency”

1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige

Published as “Exchange rates”

deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988)

Gibraltar

Published as “Currency”

1 Gibraltar pound (#G) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Gibraltar pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Greece

Published as “Currency”

1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta

Published as “Exchange rates”

drachma (Dr) per US$1 - 215.82 (January 1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991), 158.51 (1990), 162.42 (1989), 141.86 (1988)

Guernsey

Published as “Currency”

1 Guernsey (#G) pound = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Guernsey pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound

Holy See (Vatican City)

Published as “Currency”

1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988);
  • note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely

Hungary

Published as “Currency”

1 forint (Ft) = 100 filler

Published as “Exchange rates”

forints per US$1 - 83.97 (December 1992), 78.99 (1992), 74.74 (1991), 63.21 (1990), 59.07 (1989), 50.41 (1988)

Ireland

Published as “Currency”

1 Irish pound (#Ir) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

Irish pounds (#Ir) per US$1 - 0.6118 (January 1993), 0.5864 (1992), 0.6190 (1991), 0.6030 (1990), 0.7472 (1989), 0.6553 (1988)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

Published as “Currency”

1 Manx pound (#M) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Manx pounds (#M) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • the Manx pound is at par with the British pound

Italy

Published as “Currency”

1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)

Jersey

Published as “Currency”

1 Jersey pound (#J) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Jersey pounds (#J) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound

Latvia

Published as “Currency”

1 lat = 100 NA; introduced NA March 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • lats per US$1 - 1.32 (March 1993)

Liechtenstein

Published as “Currency”

1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.4781 (January 1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990), 1.6359 (1989), 1.4633 (1988)

Lithuania

Published as “Currency”

using talonas as temporary currency (March 1993), but planning introduction of convertible litas (late 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Luxembourg

Published as “Currency”

1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 33.256 (January 1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988);
  • note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Malta

Published as “Currency”

1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Maltese liri (LM) per US$1 - 0.3687 (January 1993), 0.3178 (1992), 0.3226 (1991), 0.3172 (1990), 0.3483 (1989), 0.3306 (1988)

Moldova

Published as “Currency”

plans to introduce the Moldovan lei in 1993 or 1994, until then retaining Russian ruble as currency

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Monaco

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Netherlands

Published as “Currency”

1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins (f.) per US$1 - 1.8167 (January 1993), 1.7585 (1992), 1.8697 (1991), 1.8209 (1990), 2.1207 (1989), 1.9766 (1988)

Macedonia now North Macedonia

Published as “Currency”

1 denar (abbreviation NA) = 100 NA

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • denar per US$1 - 240 (January 1991)

Norway

Published as “Currency”

1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 re

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.8774 (January 1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990), 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988)

Poland

Published as “Currency”

1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy

Published as “Exchange rates”

zlotych (Zl) per US$1 - 15,879 (January 1993), 13,626 (1992), 10,576 (1991), 9,500 (1990), 1,439.18 (1989), 430.55 (1988)

Portugal

Published as “Currency”

1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 145.51 (January 1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988)

Romania

Published as “Currency”

1 leu (L) = 100 bani

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei (L) per US$1 - 470.10 (January 1993), 307.95 (1992), 76.39 (1991), 22.432 (1990), 14.922 (1989), 14.277 (1988)

San Marino

Published as “Currency”

Italian currency is used; note - also mints its own coins

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)

Serbia and Montenegro

Published as “Currency”

1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras

Published as “Exchange rates”

Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990), 15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)

Slovakia

Published as “Currency”

1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 28.59 (December 1992), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989), 14.36 (1988)

Slovenia

Published as “Currency”

1 tolar (SIT) = 100 NA

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • tolars (SIT) per US$1 - 112 (June 1993), 28 (January 1992)

Spain

Published as “Currency”

1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 114.59 (January 1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988)

Sweden

Published as “Currency”

1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1 - 6.8812 (December 1992), 5.8238 (1992), 6.0475 (1991) 5.9188 (1990), 6.4469 (1989), 6.1272 (1988)

Switzerland

Published as “Currency”

1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.4781 (January 1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990), 1.6359 (1989), 1.4633 (1988)

Ukraine

Published as “Currency”

  • Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian markets;
  • Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in late 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

Ukrainian karbovantsi per $US1 - 3,000 (1 April 1993)

United Kingdom

Published as “Currency”

1 British pound (#) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

British pounds (#) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

Published as “Currency”

1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1 - 0.3760 (fixed rate)

Cyprus

Published as “Currency”

1 Cypriot pound (#C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Gaza Strip

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 2.6480 (November 1992), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987)

Iran

Published as “Currency”

1 Iranian rial (IR) = 10 tomans

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 67.095 (January 1993), 65.552 (1992), 67.505 (1991), 68.096 (1990), 72.015 (1989), 68.683 (1988);
  • black-market rate 1,400 (January 1991);
  • note - in March 1993 the Iranian government announced a new single-parity exchange rate system with a new official rate of 1,538 rials per dollar

Iraq

Published as “Currency”

1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2 (fixed official rate since 1982); black-market rate (April 1993) US$1 = 53.5 Iraqi dinars

Israel

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 2.8000 (December 1992), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987)

Jordan

Published as “Currency”

1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.6890 (January 1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3709 (1988)

Kuwait

Published as “Currency”

1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.3044 (January 1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843 (1991), 0.2915 (1990), 0.2937 (1989), 0.2790 (1988)

Lebanon

Published as “Currency”

1 Lebanese pound (#L) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Lebanese pounds (#L) per US$1 - 1,742.00 (April 1993), 1,712.80 (1992), 928.23 (1991), 695.09 (1990), 496.69 (1989), 409.23 (1988)

Oman

Published as “Currency”

1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza

Published as “Exchange rates”

Omani rials (RO) per US$1 - 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

Qatar

Published as “Currency”

1 Qatari riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1 - 3.6400 riyals (fixed rate)

Saudi Arabia

Published as “Currency”

1 Saudi riyal (SR) = 100 halalas

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Saudi riyals (SR) per US$1 - 3.7450 (fixed rate since late 1986), 3.7033 (1986)

Syria

Published as “Currency”

1 Syrian pound (#S) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Syrian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 22.0 (promotional rate since 1991), 22.0 (official rate since 1991), 42.0 (official parallel rate since 1991), 11.2250 (fixed rate 1987-90)

Turkey now Turkiye

Published as “Currency”

1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Published as “Exchange rates”

Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 8,814.3 (January 1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988)

United Arab Emirates

Published as “Currency”

1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate)

West Bank

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot; 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 2.6480 (November 1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987);
  • Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.6890 (January 1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3709 (1988)

Yemen

Published as “Currency”

  • Yemeni rial (new currency);
  • 1 North Yemeni riyal (YR) = 100 fils;
  • 1 South Yemeni dinar (YD) = 1,000 fils

note: following the establishment of the Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990, the North Yemeni riyal and the South Yemeni dinar are to be replaced with a new Yemeni rial

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.0 (official);
  • 30-40 (unofficial) (est.);
  • North Yemeni riyals (YR) per US$1 - 12.1000 (June 1992), 12.0000 (1991), 9.7600 (1990), 9.7600 (January 1989), 9.7717 (1988), 10.3417 (1987);
  • South Yemeni dinars (YD) per US$1 - 0.3454 (fixed rate)

note: following the establishment of the Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990, the North Yemeni riyal and the South Yemeni dinar are to be replaced with a new Yemeni rial

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

Published as “Currency”

1 Bermudian dollar (Bd$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (fixed rate)

Canada

Published as “Currency”

1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.2776 (January 1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988)

Mexico

Published as “Currency”

1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1 - 3.100 (January 1993), 3,198 (November 1992), 3,018.4 (1991), 2,812.6 (1990), 2,461.3 (1989), 2,273.1 (1988);
  • note - the new pesos replaced the old pesos on 1 January 1993;
  • 1 new pesos = 1,000 old pesos

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

United States

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

British pounds:
(#) per US$ - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988)
Canadian dollars:
(Can$) per US$ - 1.2776 (January 1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988)
French francs:
(F) per US$ - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)
Italian lire:
(Lit) per US$ - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1.372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)
Japanese yen:
(Y) per US$ - 125.01 (January 1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988)
German deutsche marks:
(DM) per US$ - 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988)

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

US currency is used

Australia

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Cook Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9490 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7266 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Fiji

Published as “Currency”

1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1 - 1.5809 (January 1993), 1.5029 (1992), 1.4756 (1991), 1.4809 (1990), 1.4833 (1989), 1.4303 (1988)

French Polynesia

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 99.65 (January 1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

Guam

US currency is used

Kiribati

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Marshall Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Nauru

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2834 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

New Caledonia

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais duPacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 99.65 (January 1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

New Zealand

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9486 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Niue

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9486 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Norfolk Island

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Northern Mariana Islands

US currency is used

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the (Palau) now Palau

US currency is used

Papua New Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 kina (K) = 100 toea

Published as “Exchange rates”

kina (K) per US$1 - 1.0065 (January 1993), 1.0367 (1992), 1.0504 (1991), 1.0467 (1990), 1.1685 (1989), 1.1538 (1988)

Pitcairn Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9486 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Western Samoa now Samoa

Published as “Currency”

1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene

Published as “Exchange rates”

tala (WS$) per US$1 - 2.5681 (January 1993), 2.4655 (1992), 2.3975 (1991), 2.3095 (1990), 2.2686 (1989), 2.0790 (1988)

Solomon Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 - 3.1211 (January 1993), 2.9281 (1992), 2.7148 (1991), 2.5288 (1990), 2.2932 (1989), 2.0825 (1988)

Tokelau

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.9486 (January 1993), 1.8584 (1992), l.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6708 (1989), 1.5244 (1988)

Tonga

Published as “Currency”

1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti

Published as “Exchange rates”

pa'anga (T$) per US$1 - 1.3996 (January 1993), 1.3471 (1992), 1.2961 (1991), 1.2809 (1990), 1.2637 (1989), 1.2799 (1988)

Tuvalu

Published as “Currency”

1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Vanuatu

Published as “Currency”

1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

vatu (VT) per US$1 - 120.77 (January 1993), 113.39 (1992), 111.68 (1991), 116.57 (1990), 116.04 (1989), 104.43 (1988)

Wallis and Futuna

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 99.65 (January 1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.0 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

South America

14 entries

Argentina

Published as “Currency”

1 peso = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

pesos per US$1 - 0.99000 (January1993), 0.99064 (1992), 0.95355 (1991), 0.48759 (1990), 0.04233 (1989), 0.00088 (1988)

Bolivia

Published as “Currency”

1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 3.9437 (August 1992), 3.85 (1992), 3.5806 (1991), 3.1727 (1990), 2.6917 (1989), 2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987)

Brazil

Published as “Currency”

1 cruzeiro (Cr$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

cruzeiros (Cr$) per US$1 - 13,827.06 (January 1993), 4,506.45 (1992), 406.61 (1991), 68.300 (1990), 2.834 (1989), 0.26238 (1988)

Chile

Published as “Currency”

1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 384.04 (January 1993), 362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990), 267.16 (1989), 245.05 (1988)

Colombia

Published as “Currency”

1 Colombian peso (Col$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1 - 820.08 (January 1993), 759.28 (1992), 633.05 (1991), 502.26 (1990), 382.57 (1989), 299.17 (1988)

Ecuador

Published as “Currency”

1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

sucres (S/) per US$1 - 1,453.8 (August 1992), 1,046.25 (1991), 869.54 (December 1990), 767.75 (1990), 526.35 (1989), 301.61 (1988)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Published as “Currency”

1 Falkland pound (#F) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Falkland pound (#F) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5604 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988);
  • note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound

French Guiana

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)

Guyana

Published as “Currency”

1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 125.8 (January 1993) 125.0 (1992), 111.8 (1991), 39.533 (1990), 27.159 (1989), 10.000 (1988)

Paraguay

Published as “Currency”

1 guarani (G) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

guaranies (G) per US$ - 1,637.6 (January 1993), 1,500.3 (1992), 447.5 (March 1992), 1,325.2 (1991), 1,229.8 (1990), 1,056.2 (1989), 550.00 (fixed rate 1986-February 1989)

Peru

Published as “Currency”

1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

nuevo sol (S/. per US$1 - 1.690 (January 1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990), 2.666 (1989), 0.129 (1988)

Suriname

Published as “Currency”

1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1 - 1.7850 (fixed rate until October 1992), 25.04 (January 1992)

Uruguay

Published as “Currency”

1 new Uruguayan peso (N$Ur) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Uruguayan pesos (N$Ur) per US$1 - 3,457.5 (December 1992), 3,026.9 (1992), 2,489 (1991), 1,594 (1990), 805 (1989), 451 (1988), 281 (1987)

Venezuela

Published as “Currency”

1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivares (Bs) per US$1 - 80.18 (January 1993), 68.38 (1992), 56.82 (1991), 46.90 (1990), 34.68 (1989), 14.50 (fixed rate 1987-88)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

Published as “Currency”

1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1 - 1.6531 (January 1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988);
  • note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

Published as “Currency”

1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

Published as “Exchange rates”

kyats (K) per US$1 - 6.0963 (January 1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990), 6.7049 (1989), 6.46 (1988), 6.6535 (1987); unofficial - 105

Cambodia

Published as “Currency”

1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Christmas Island

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.4837 (January 1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988)

Hong Kong

Published as “Currency”

1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$ - 7.800 (1992), 7.771 (1991), 7.790 (1990), 7.800 (1989), 7.810 (1988), 7.760 (1987);
  • note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985

Indonesia

Published as “Currency”

1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,064.7 (January 1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990), 1,770.1 (1989), 1,685.7 (1988)

Laos

Published as “Currency”

1 new kip (NK) = 100 at

Published as “Exchange rates”

new kips (NK) per US$1 - 710 (May 1992), 710 (December 1991), 700 (September 1990), 576 (1989), 385 (1988), 200 (1987)

Macau

Published as “Currency”

1 pataca (P) = 100 avos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • patacas (P) per US$1 - 8.034 (1991), 8.024 (1990), 8.030 (1989), 8.044 (1988), 7.993 (1987);
  • note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar

Malaysia

Published as “Currency”

1 ringgit (M$) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

ringgits (M$) per US$1 - 2.6238 (January 1993), 2.5475 (1992), 2.7501 (1991), 1.7048 (1990), 2.7088 (1989), 2.6188 (1988)

Philippines

Published as “Currency”

1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 25.817 (April 1993), 25.512 (1992), 27.479 (1991), 24.311 (1990), 21.737 (1989), 21.095 (1988)

Singapore

Published as “Currency”

1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.6531 (January 1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988)

Taiwan

Published as “Currency”

1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 25.125 (1992 est.), 25.748 (1991), 27.108 (1990), 26.407 (1989) 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987)

Thailand

Published as “Currency”

1 baht (B) = 100 satang

Published as “Exchange rates”

baht (B) per US$1 - 25.280 (April 1993), 25.400 (1992), 25.517 (1991), 25.585 (1990), 25.702 (1989), 25.294 (1988)

Vietnam

Published as “Currency”

1 new dong (D) = 100 xu

Published as “Exchange rates”

new dong (D) per US$1 - 10,800 (November 1992), 8,100 (July 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990), 2,047 (1988), 225 (1987); note - 1985-89 figures are end of year

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1993, “Exchange rates”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exchange-rates/1993.

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