Togo

republic

Togo as the 1992 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 71 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLome

Area56,790 km2

Populationas each edition published it

3.96 million July 1992 · 3.67m in 1990

Population growth% a year

Not in this edition 3.61% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 17.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

Not in this edition 56.46 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

7 children per woman 1992 · 7.2 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

94 deaths per 1,000 live births 1992 · 112 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

Not in this edition $400 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 0% in 1993

Geography

12 fields

Total area

56,790km2

Comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Coastline

56km

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nmTerritorial sea: 30 nm

Land boundaries

1,647km total

Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Climate

tropical;
hot, humid in south;
semiarid in north

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north;
central hills;
southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Land use

arable land 25%;
permanent crops 1%;
meadows and pastures 4%;
forest and woodland 28%;
other 42%;
includes irrigated NEGL%

Environment

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
recent droughts affecting agriculture;
deforestation

People

14 fields

Population

3,958,863

(July 1992), growth rate 3.6% (1992)

Per 1,000 population(1992)

Birth

48Death

12Net migration

Religions

indigenous beliefs about 70%Christian 20%Muslim 10%

Literacy

43%

(male 56%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality

noun - Togolese (singular and plural); adjective - Togolese

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes;
largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye;
under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Languages

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Labor force

NA;
agriculture 78%, industry 22%;
about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors;
50% of population of working age (1985)

Organized labor

Federation of Togolese Workers (CNTT) was only legal labor union until Spring 1991;
at least two more groups established since then: Labor Federation of Togolese Workers (CSTT) and the National Union of Independent Syndicates (UNSIT), each with 10-12 member unions;
four other civil service unions have formed a loose coalition known as the Autonomous Syndicates of Togo (CTSA)

Government

Republic

18 fields

Type

republic; under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Administrative divisions

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription);
Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo);
note - the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Independence

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

Constitution

1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference;
transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991;
multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991, scheduled to be put to public referendum in NA 1992

Executive branch

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference;
79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy;
legislative elections scheduled to be held in NA

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)
Head of Government:: interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Political parties and leaders

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991;
more than 10 parties formed as of mid-May, though none yet legally registered;
a national conference to determine transition regime took place 10 July-28 August 1991

Elections

President:: last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition
National Assembly:: last held 4 March 1990;
dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held April/May 1992);
results - RPT was the only party;
seats - (77 total) RPT 77

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation

Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS;
Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008;
telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213

US:: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY;
Embassy at Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome);
telephone [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17;
FAX [228] 21-79-52

Flag

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow;
there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy

16 fields

Inflation, consumer prices

1.0%

(1990)

Unemployment rate

2.0%

(1987)

External debt

$1.3billion

(1990 est.)

Budget

Revenues

$330 millionExpenditures

$363 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $101 million (1990 est.)

Overview

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal.

In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government, over the past decade, with IMF and World Bank support, has been implementing a number of economic reform measures, that is, actively encouraging foreign investment and attempting to bring revenues in line with expenditures. Political unrest throughout 1991, however, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

GDP

exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion, per capita $400; real growth rate 2% (1990 est.)

Exports

$396 million (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:: phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels
partners:: EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Imports

$502 million (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:: food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods
partners:: EC 61%, US 6%, Africa 4%, Japan 4%, other 25% (1989)

Industrial production

growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.); 6% of GDP

Electricity

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Agriculture

cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton;
food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum;
livestock production not significant;
annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $132 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.9 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural - francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 281.99 (March 1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 3 ships by typeone square, one ship

roll-on/roll-off cargo 2multifunction large-load carrier 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,975 GRT/34,022 DWT

Airports, 9 total, 9 usable

permanent-surface runways

2runways over | 3,659 m

nonerunways 2,440-3,659 m

2runways 1,220-2,439 m

none

Networkskm

Highways

6,462Railroads

515Inland waterways

Highways: ; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads · Railroads: , single track

Railroads

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Highways

6,462 km total;
1,762 km paved;
4,700 km unimproved roads

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines;
broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV;
satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE