Turkiye

• temperate;
• hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters;
• harsher in interior

• mostly mountains;
• narrow coastal plain;
• high central plateau (Anatolia)

• water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents;
• air pollution, particularly in urban areas;
• deforestation;
• concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic

party to:

Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Environmental Modification

0-14 years:

29% (male 9,722,217; female 9,375,920)

15-64 years:

65% (male 21,671,638; female 20,966,110)

65 years and over:

6% (male 1,811,599; female 2,119,193) (2000 est.)

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.85 male(s)/female

total population:

1.02 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

noun:

Turk(s)

adjective:

Turkish

conventional long form:

Republic of Turkey

conventional short form:

Turkey

local long form:

Turkiye Cumhuriyeti

local short form:

Turkiye

chief of state:

President Ahmed Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000)

head of government:

Prime Minister Bulent ECEVIT (since 11 January 1999)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister

note: there is also a National Security Council that serves as an advisory body to the president and the cabinet

elections:

• president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year term;
• election last held 5 May 2000 (next scheduled to be held NA May 2007);
• prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 60%

• Changing Turkey Party or DEPAR [Gokhan CAPOGLU];
• Democracy and Peace Party or DBP [Yilmaz CAMLIBEL];
• Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT];
• Democratic Party or DP [Korkut OZAL];
• Democratic Turkey Party or DTP [Husamettin CINDORUK];
• Enlightened Turkey Party or ATP [Tugrul TURKES];
• Freedom and Solidarity Party or ODP [Ufuk URAS];
• Grand Unity Party or BBP [Muhsin YAZICIOGLU];
• Labor Party or EP [Ihsan CARALAN];
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Besim TIBUK];
• Motherland Party or ANAP [Mesut YILMAZ];
• My Turkey Party or TP [Durmus Ali EKER];
• Nation Party or MP [Aykut EDIBALI];
• Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI];
• New Democracy Movement or YDH [Huseyin ERGUN];
• Peace Party or BP [Ali Haydar VEZIROGLU];
• People's Democracy Party or HADEP [Turhan DEMIR];
• Republican People's Party or CHP [Altan OYMEN];
• Revolutionary People's Party [Meral KIDIR];
• Socialist Power Party or SIP [leader NA];
• True Path Party or DYP [Tansu CILLER];
• Virtue Party or FP [Recai KUTAN];
• Workers' Party or IP [Dogu PERINCEK]

note: Welfare Party or RP [Necmettin ERBAKAN] was officially outlawed on 22 February 1998

• Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Ridvan BUDAK];
• Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Erol YARAR];
• Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU];
• Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem KAYHAN];
• Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR];
• Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Bayram MERAL];
• Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [Fuat MIRAS]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Baki ILKIN

chancery:

2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 612-6700

FAX:

[1] (202) 612-6744

consulate(s) general:

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Robert PEARSON

embassy:

110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ankara

mailing address:

PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823

telephone:

[90] (312) 468-6110

FAX:

[90] (312) 467-0019

consulate(s) general:

Istanbul

consulate(s):

Adana

lowest 10%:

NA%

highest 10%:

NA%

total:

8,607 km

standard gauge:

8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (1,524 km electrified) (1999)

total:

382,397 km

paved:

95,599 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)

unpaved:

286,798 km (1999 est.)

• crude oil 1,738 km;
• petroleum products 2,321 km;
• natural gas 708 km

total:

547 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,935,173 GRT/9,771,421 DWT

ships by type:

bulk 155, cargo 244, chemical tanker 37, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 20, liquified gas 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off 22, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker 5 (1999 est.)

• complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea;
• Cyprus question with Greece;
• dispute with downstream riparian states (Syria and Iraq) over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
• traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided

• key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes;
• major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul;
• laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul;
• government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate [Country Listing] [ The World Factbook Home]